Handbook Committee: Metals Handbook, 10th ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Metals Park, OH, 1990, vol. Hagel, eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1972, pp. Easterling: Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, 1981, pp. Cohen, ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1978, pp. Cullity: in Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd ed., M. Cohen, ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1978, p. Cullity: in Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, ed. on Solid-Solid Phase Transformation, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. Krumhansl, eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1991, pp. Swalin: in Thermodynamics of Solids, 2nd ed., E. Inoue: Bulk Amorphous Alloys-Preparation and Fundamental Characteristics, Materials Science Foundations, Trans Tech Publications, Netherlands, 1998, vol. 2, ASM International, Metals Park, OH, 1990, pp. The effects of high mixing entropy and sluggish cooperative diffusion enhance the formation of simple solid-solution phases and submicronic structures with nanoprecipitates in the alloys with multiprincipal elements rather than intermetallic compounds. A single ordered bcc structure was obtained for aluminum contents larger than x=2.8. Spinodal decomposition occurred further on when the aluminum contents were higher than x=1.0, leading to the formation of modulated plate structures. As the aluminum content reached x=0.8, a bcc structure appeared and constructed with mixed fcc and bcc eutectic phases. With little aluminum addition, the alloys were composed of a simple fcc solid-solution structure. These alloys possessed simple fcc/bcc structures, and their phase diagram was predicted by microstructure characterization and differential thermal analyses. The Al xCoCrCuFeNi alloys with different aluminum contents ( i.e., x values in molar ratio, x=0 to 3.0) were synthesized using a well-developed arc-melting and casting method. The reversibility of Al anode laid the foundation for low cost rechargeable batteries suffering for large-scale energy storage.A new approach for the design of alloy systems with multiprincipal elements is presented in this research. Furthermore, two types of high-performance full batteries have been demonstrated using copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF, a Prussian Blue Analogues) and LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 (NCM) as cathodes. Therefore, long-term Al plating/stripping can be realized. This diminished Al 3+-H 2O interaction essentially eliminates the hydrolysis effect, effectively protecting Al anode from corrosion. In the WISE system, water molecules can be confined within the Li + solvation structures. Here, we demonstrate a water-in-salt aluminum ion electrolyte (WISE) based on Al and lithium salts to tackle the above challenges. On the other hand, Al is irreversible in aqueous electrolyte with severe hydrogen evolution reaction. Being rechargeable in ionic liquid electrolytes, however, the Al anode and battery case suffer from corrosion. Aluminum (Al), the most abundant metallic element on the earth crust, has been reckoned as a promising battery material for its the highest theoretical volume capacity (8046 mAh cm -3).
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